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The dalton or unified atomic mass unit (symbols: Da or u, respectively) is a unit of mass defined as 1 / 12 of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest. [1] [2] It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI.
For example, if one tried to demonstrate it using the hydrocarbons decane (C 10 H 22) and undecane (C 11 H 24), one would find that 100 grams of carbon could react with 18.46 grams of hydrogen to produce decane or with 18.31 grams of hydrogen to produce undecane, for a ratio of hydrogen masses of 121:120, which is hardly a ratio of "small ...
The gram-atom is a former term for a mole of atoms, and gram-molecule for a mole of molecules. [ 7 ] Molecular weight (M.W.) (for molecular compounds) and formula weight (F.W.) (for non-molecular compounds), are older terms for what is now more correctly called the relative molar mass ( M r ). [ 8 ]
However, one gram of hydrogen reacts with 8 grams of oxygen to give water or with 35.5 grams of chlorine to give hydrogen chloride: hence 8 grams of oxygen and 35.5 grams of chlorine can be taken to be equivalent to one gram of hydrogen for the measurement of equivalent weights. This system can be extended further through different acids and bases.
Units of daltons (Da) are often used. [1] Different molecules of the same compound may have different molecular masses because they contain different isotopes of an element. The derived quantity relative molecular mass is the unitless ratio of the mass of a molecule to the atomic mass constant (which is equal to one dalton). [2]
The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: u) is equivalent to the dalton. One dalton is approximately the mass of one a single proton or neutron. [2] The unified atomic mass unit has a value of 1.660 538 921 (73) × 10 −27 kg. [3] The amu without the "unified" prefix is an obsolete unit based on oxygen, which was replaced in 1961.
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One dalton is equal to 1 ⁄ 12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom in its natural state. Thus, the numeric value of the atomic mass when expressed in daltons has nearly the same value as the mass number . The value of 1 unified atomic mass unit in kilograms is m u = 1.660539066 × 10 − 27 k g {\displaystyle m_{\rm {u}}=1.660539066\times 10^{-27 ...