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1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene → 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride → 5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride 1,3-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene → 1,3-difluoro-4-nitrobenzene 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile → 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile. The nitro groups in the above compounds can be reduced to give the corresponding aniline. For example ...
4-Fluoroaniline can be prepared by the hydrogenation of 4-nitrofluorobenzene. [2] It is a common building block in medicinal chemistry and related fields. [3] For example, it is a precursor to the fungicide fluoroimide or the fentanyl analogue parafluorofentanyl. It has also been evaluated for the production of ligands for homogeneous catalysis ...
4-Chloroaniline is used in the industrial production of pesticides, drugs, and dyestuffs. It is a precursor to the widely used antimicrobial and bacteriocide chlorhexidine and is used in the manufacture of pesticides, including pyraclostrobin , anilofos , monolinuron , and chlorphthalim .
It is one of three isomeric fluoronitrobenzenes. [2] A yellow oil, it is prepared from 4-nitrochlorobenzene using the Halex process: O 2 NC 6 H 4 Cl + KF → O 2 NC 6 H 4 F + KCl. 4-Fluoronitrobenzene can be hydrogenated to give 4-fluoroaniline, [3] which is a precursor to the fungicide fluoroimide and parafluorofentanyl.
One synthesis uses fluorine and perchloric acid, [4] though the action of ClF 5 on water is another method. [citation needed]+ + Another method of synthesis involves the thermal decomposition of tetrafluoroammonium perchlorate, NF
H 2 C=CH 2 + HCl → CH 3 CH 2 Cl. In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides.
Bromoform was discovered in 1832 by Löwig who distilled a mixture of bromal and potassium hydroxide, as analogous to preparation of chloroform from chloral. [5]Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide.
C 6 H 5 OH + 6 Cl 2 → C 6 Cl 6 O + 6 HCl C 6 Cl 6 O + H 2 O → C 6 Cl 4 O 2 + 2 HCl. Chloroanil serves as a hydrogen acceptor. It is more electrophilic than quinone itself. It is used for the aromatization reactions, such as the conversion of cyclohexadienes to the benzene derivatives. [4] Chloranil is used to test for free secondary amines.