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Currency Currency share percentage of global allocated reserves in Q4 2022 (%) Central bank governor Native name of central bank Establishment United States: Federal Reserve: United States dollar: 58.36 Jerome Powell: 1913 European Union: European Central Bank: Euro: 20.47 Christine Lagarde: 1998 Japan: Bank of Japan: Japanese yen: 5.51 Kazuo Ueda
Critical public opinion in the Netherlands led to much of the Cultivation System's excesses being eliminated under the agrarian reforms of the "Liberal Period". According to one study, the mortality rate in Java would have been 10–20% higher by the late 1870s if the system of forced labor had not been abolished. [ 115 ]
After the occupation began, the Japanese military government ruled that, as of 11 March 1942, the only valid currency in the region were military banknotes and existing colonial guilder. [4] Soon, however, they had begun replacing the pre-war currency at par. [5] They soon required that all extant Dutch currency be exchanged for the occupation ...
Present currency ISO 4217 code Country or dependency (administrating country) Currency sign Fractional unit Russian Ruble [1] RUB Abkhazia: руб. [1] [2] Kopek [1] Afghan afghani [3] AFN Afghanistan ؋ [3] pul [3] Euro [4] EUR Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Great Britain) € [5] cent [5] Armenian dram [6] AMD Armenia [6] luma [6] Azerbaijani manat ...
Colour key and notes Indicates that a given currency is pegged to another currency (details) Italics indicates a state or territory with a low level of international recognition State or territory Currency Symbol [D] or Abbrev. ISO code Fractional unit Number to basic Abkhazia Abkhazian apsar [E] аҧ (none) (none) (none) Russian ruble ₽ RUB Kopeck 100 Afghanistan Afghan afghani ؋ AFN ...
Currency Central bank Peg Afghanistan: Afghan afghani: Da Afghanistan Bank [1] Armenia: Armenian dram: Central Bank of Armenia Azerbaijan: Azerbaijani manat: Central Bank of Azerbaijan Bahrain: Bahraini dinar: Central Bank of Bahrain: 1 EUR = BD 0.376 Bangladesh: Bangladeshi taka: Bangladesh Bank Bhutan: Bhutanese ngultrum: Royal Monetary ...
These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g., the U.S. dollar, the euro, the pound sterling, the Japanese yen, the Swiss franc, the Indian rupees and the Chinese renminbi) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g., the local ...
The accumulated funds may have their origin in, or may represent, foreign currency deposits, foreign exchange reserves, gold, special drawing rights (SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position held by central banks and monetary authorities, along with other national assets such as pension investments, oil funds, or other ...