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A privilege log is a document that describes documents or other items withheld from production in a civil lawsuit under a claim that the documents are "privileged" from disclosure due to the attorney–client privilege, work product doctrine, joint defense doctrine, or some other privilege.
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 497 U.S. 1 (1990), was a United States Supreme Court case that rejected the argument that a separate opinion privilege existed against libel. [1]
In mathematics, the term categorical probability denotes a collection of category-theoretic approaches to probability theory and related fields such as statistics, information theory and ergodic theory.
This is a list of statistical procedures which can be used for the analysis of categorical data, also known as data on the nominal scale and as categorical variables. General tests [ edit ]
In machine learning and mathematical optimization, loss functions for classification are computationally feasible loss functions representing the price paid for inaccuracy of predictions in classification problems (problems of identifying which category a particular observation belongs to). [1]
function draw_categorical(n) // where n is the number of samples to draw from the categorical distribution r = 1 s = 0 for i from 1 to k // where k is the number of categories v = draw from a binomial(n, p[i] / r) distribution // where p[i] is the probability of category i for j from 1 to v z[s++] = i // where z is an array in which the results ...
("[The Supreme Court] stressed the tailoring of fair use analysis to the particular case... It neither stated nor implied a categorical rule barring fair use of unpublished works." [6] [7] The court went on to note that the meaning of Harper is somewhat ambiguous. Either, they reasoned, there are fewer cases in which fair use may be found when ...
The study of arguments using categorical statements (i.e., syllogisms) forms an important branch of deductive reasoning that began with the Ancient Greeks. The Ancient Greeks such as Aristotle identified four primary distinct types of categorical proposition and gave them standard forms (now often called A, E, I, and O).