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The Iron Cross was awarded to 18,000 German Jews during the war. [1] While strong attempts were made during the Nazi era to suppress the Jewish contribution and even to blame them for Germany's defeat, using the stab-in-the-back myth, the German Jews who served in the German Army have found recognition and renewed interest in German publications.
Upon achieving power in 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi state began to implement increasingly severe legislation that was aimed at segregating and ultimately removing Jews from Germany and (eventually) all of Europe. [15] The next stage was the persecution of the Jews and the stripping of their citizenship through the 1935 Nuremberg Laws.
The Jewish collaboration with Nazis were the activities before and during World War II of Jews working, voluntarily or involuntarily, with the anti-Semitic regime of Nazi Germany, with different motivations. The term and history have remained controversial, regarding the exact nature of collaboration in some cases.
The Holocaust in Germany was the systematic persecution, deportation, imprisonment, and murder of Jews in Germany as part of the Europe-wide Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany. The term typically refers only to the areas that were part of Germany prior to the Nazi regime coming to power and excludes some or all of the territories annexed by ...
Within the Nazi movement, a variety of increasingly radical "solutions" to the "Jewish Question" were proposed both before and while the Nazi party was in government, including expulsion and the encouragement of voluntary emigration. Widespread civil persecution of German Jews began as soon as the Nazis were in power. [10]
Historians have argued that this indicates Hitler gave a verbal order to Himmler at this meeting for the Einsatzgruppen to target Jews under the guise of anti-partisan warfare. [24] According to Felix Kersten's memoirs, Himmler told him that the extermination of the Jews was expressly ordered by Hitler and had been delegated to Himmler. [25]
The legal foundations that the Nazi Party later used for the purpose of disarming the Jews were already laid during the Weimar Republic.Starting with the Reichsgesetz über Schusswaffen und Munition (Reich law on firearms and ammunition), enacted on 12 April 1928, weapon purchase permits were introduced, which only allowed "authorized persons" the purchase and possession of firearms.
Jews in the Middle East were also affected by the Holocaust. Most of North Africa came under Nazi control and many Jews were discriminated against and used as slaves until the Axis defeat. [206] In 1945, hundreds of Jews were injured during violent demonstrations in Egypt and Jewish property was vandalized and looted.