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Before Einthoven's time, it was known that the beating of the heart produced electrical currents, but the instruments of the time could not accurately measure this phenomenon without placing electrodes directly on the heart. Beginning in 1901, Einthoven completed a series of prototypes of a string galvanometer.
[4] Einthoven developed a sensitive form of string galvanomter that allowed photographic recording of the impulses associated with the heartbeat. He was a leader in applying the string galvanometer to physiology and medicine, leading to today's electrocardiography. [5] Einthoven was awarded the 1924 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for his ...
However, eventually other physiologists such as Willem Einthoven and Thomas Lewis showed Waller that the traces could help diagnose heart conditions. In 1917, a few years before his death, Waller published a study of over 2000 traces of heart conditions.
From 1906, he corresponded with the Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven concerning the latter's invention of the string galvanometer and electrocardiography, and Lewis pioneered its use in clinical settings. Accordingly, Lewis is considered the "father of clinical cardiac electrophysiology".
In 1897 a French electrical engineer, Clement Ader, invented the "string galvanometer", containing a tensioned string of quartz. In 1903, Einthoven modified Ader's machine, adding electrodes attached to the patients limbs and thorax. In use the string was seen to vibrate in time with the patients heart. The vibrations were recorded ...
He then went on to study the heart muscles of frogs and was able to detect the electrical impulses associated with the cardiac cycles. In 1904 he met Willem Einthoven at the International Physiological Congress in Brussels and then began to make use of a string galvanometer. He published on ECGs and vagus nerve stimulation experiments on frogs ...
When I meet Willem Dafoe on Zoom to discuss his latest movie Nosferatu, we get on to mortality fast. The four-time Oscar-nominated actor is talking to me for Radio 4's Today programme about Robert ...
Willem Einthoven (1860–1927), The Netherlands – the electrocardiogram Benjamin Eisenstadt (1906–1996), U.S. – Sugar packet Paul Eisler (1907–1992), Austria/U.S. – Printed circuit board (electronics)