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Surface irrigation, also known as gravity irrigation, is the oldest form of irrigation and has been in use for thousands of years. In surface ( furrow, flood , or level basin ) irrigation systems, water moves across the surface of agricultural lands, in order to wet it and infiltrate into the soil.
A satellite image of circular fields characteristic of center pivot irrigation, Kansas Farmland with circular pivot irrigation. Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot irrigation), also called water-wheel and circle irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers.
Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops. Archimedes invented the water screw to raise water for use in irrigation of croplands. Another use for aqueducts is to supply large cities with drinking water. They also help drought-prone areas with water supply. Some of the Roman aqueducts still supply water to ...
Irrigation is the artificial exploitation and distribution of water at project level aiming at application of water at field level to agricultural crops [1] in dry areas or in periods of scarce rainfall to assure or improve crop production. [2] This article discusses organizational forms and means of management of irrigation water at project level.
Drip irrigation and spare drip irrigation tubes in banana farm at Chinawal, India Pot irrigation by on-line drippers Pressure compensated integral dripper on soilless medium without growing channels. The advantages of drip irrigation are: Fertilizer and nutrient loss is minimized due to a localized application and reduced leaching.
In the US, some 80% of the fresh water withdrawn from rivers and groundwater is used to produce food and other agricultural products. [1] Farm water may include water used in the irrigation of crops or the watering of livestock. Its study is called agricultural hydrology. Water is one of the most fundamental parts of the global economy.
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