Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease ) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor).
Graves' ophthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit and periorbital tissues, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, swelling, redness (), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos). [1]
Risedronate treatment has been demonstrated to help restore bone mass in osteopenia/osteoporosis associated with Graves' disease. [18] Nevertheless, weight-bearing exercises , a balanced diet , calcium intake of about 1500 mg a day and enough vitamin D , are of course elementary foundations.
Treatment of Graves disease includes antithyroid drugs that reduce the production of thyroid hormone, radioiodine (radioactive iodine I-131) and thyroidectomy (surgical excision of the gland). As operating on a hyperthyroid patient is dangerous, prior to thyroidectomy, preoperative treatment with antithyroid drugs is given to render the patient ...
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory (IOI) disease refers to a marginated mass-like enhancing soft tissue involving any area of the orbit.It is the most common painful orbital mass in the adult population, and is associated with proptosis, cranial nerve palsy (Tolosa–Hunt syndrome), uveitis, and retinal detachment.
Surgery is considered the final choice of treatment, due to the high risk of blindness and damage to the affected eye. [4] [5] [6] It is considered in only certain scenarios, such as relieving a cosmetically unappealing bulging eye (exophthalmos), removing an enlarging and/or expanding tumor or a combination of both. [4] [6]
Hyperthyroidism, associated with exophthalmos, periorbital puffiness, lid retraction, and lid lag Cavernous sinus thrombosis , associated with infection of the paranasal sinuses, proptosis , periorbital oedema, retinal haemorrhages, papilledema , extraocular movement abnormalities, and trigeminal nerve sensory loss
Lagophthalmos can arise from a malfunction of the facial nerve. [4] Lagopthalmos can also occur in comatose patients having a decrease in orbicularis tone, in patients having palsy of the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve), in people with severe exophthalmos and in people with severe skin disorders such as ichthyosis.