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  2. Antiaromaticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiaromaticity

    For example, the aromatic species 1 can be reduced to 2 with a relatively small penalty for forming an antiaromatic system. The antiaromatic 2 does revert to the aromatic species 1 over time by reacting with oxygen in the air because the aromaticity is preferred. [15] The loss of antiaromaticity can sometimes be the driving force of a reaction.

  3. Homoaromaticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoaromaticity

    Homoaromaticity, in organic chemistry, refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp 3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp 3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties ...

  4. Reagent testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagent_testing

    Reagent testing is one of the processes used to identify substances contained within a pill, usually illicit substances. With the increased prevalence of drugs being available in their pure forms, the terms "drug checking" or "pill testing" [1] may also be used, although these terms usually refer to testing with a wider variety of techniques covered by drug checking.

  5. Möbius aromaticity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Möbius_aromaticity

    In contrast to the rarity of Möbius aromatic ground state molecular systems, there are many examples of pericyclic transition states that exhibit Möbius aromaticity. The classification of a pericyclic transition state as either Möbius or Hückel topology determines whether 4N or 4N + 2 electrons are required to make the transition state aromatic or antiaromatic, and therefore, allowed or ...

  6. Aromatic compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_compound

    Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...

  7. Baird's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baird's_rule

    The lowest triplet state of an annulene is, according to Baird's rule, aromatic when it has 4n π-electrons and antiaromatic when the π-electron count is 4n + 2, where n is any positive integer. This trend is opposite to that predicted by Hückel's rule for the ground state , which is usually the lowest singlet state (S 0 ).

  8. Marquis reagent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquis_reagent

    The above photo shows the positive results of the number 2 Marquis reagent presumptive drug test when used with a sample of opium. It is the primary presumptive test used in Ecstasy reagent testing kits. It can also be used to test for such substances as opiates (e.g. codeine, heroin), and phenethylamines (e.g. 2C-B, mescaline).

  9. Indole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole

    The most reactive position on indole for electrophilic aromatic substitution is C3, which is 10 13 times more reactive than benzene. For example, it is alkylated by phosphorylated serine in the biosynthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. Vilsmeier–Haack formylation of indole [34] will take place at room temperature exclusively at C3.

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