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Asymmetric graph. The Frucht graph, one of the five smallest asymmetric cubic graphs. In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, an undirected graph is called an asymmetric graph if it has no nontrivial symmetries. Formally, an automorphism of a graph is a permutation p of its vertices with the property that any two vertices u and v are adjacent ...
In blue, the point (4, 210°). In mathematics, the polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point and an angle from a reference direction. The reference point (analogous to the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system) is called the pole, and the ...
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a graph G is symmetric (or arc-transitive) if, given any two pairs of adjacent vertices u1—v1 and u2—v2 of G, there is an automorphism. such that. In other words, a graph is symmetric if its automorphism group acts transitively on ordered pairs of adjacent vertices (that is, upon edges considered ...
A skew-symmetric graph may equivalently be defined as the double covering graph of a polar graph or switch graph, [1] which is an undirected graph in which the edges incident to each vertex are partitioned into two subsets. Each vertex of the polar graph corresponds to two vertices of the skew-symmetric graph, and each edge of the polar graph ...
Asymmetry. Asymmetry is the absence of, or a violation of, symmetry (the property of an object being invariant to a transformation, such as reflection). [1] Symmetry is an important property of both physical and abstract systems and it may be displayed in precise terms or in more aesthetic terms. [2]
In astronomy, an analemma (/ ˌænəˈlɛmə /; from Ancient Greek ἀνάλημμα (analēmma) 'support') [a] is a diagram showing the position of the Sun in the sky as seen from a fixed location on Earth at the same mean solar time, as that position varies over the course of a year. The diagram resembles a figure eight.
Centrosymmetry. In crystallography, a centrosymmetric point group contains an inversion center as one of its symmetry elements. [1] In such a point group, for every point (x, y, z) in the unit cell there is an indistinguishable point (-x, -y, -z). Such point groups are also said to have inversion symmetry. [2]
Symmetry occurs not only in geometry, but also in other branches of mathematics. Symmetry is a type of invariance: the property that a mathematical object remains unchanged under a set of operations or transformations. [1] Given a structured object X of any sort, a symmetry is a mapping of the object onto itself which preserves the structure.