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Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometres (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad. Babylon functioned as the main cultural and political centre of the Akkadian-speaking region of Babylonia.
Babylonia (/ ˌ b æ b ɪ ˈ l oʊ n i ə /; Akkadian: 𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠, māt Akkadī) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Kuwait, Syria and Iran).
Viceroy (or governor) of Babylon (šakkanakki Bābili) [4] – emphasises the political dominion of Babylon itself. [2] For much of the city's history, its rulers referred to themselves as viceroys or governors, rather than kings. The reason for this was that Babylon's true king was formally considered to be its national deity, Marduk.
However, Babylon was just one of the several important powers among Isin and Larsa. The accomplishments of the first known king of the Dynasty, Sumuabum, include his efforts in expanding Babylonian territory by conquering Dilbat and Kish. [7] His successor, Sumualailum, was able to complete the wall around Babylon that Sumuabum had begun ...
The Kassite dynasty, also known as the third Babylonian dynasty, was a line of kings of Kassite origin who ruled from the city of Babylon in the latter half of the second millennium BC and who belonged to the same family that ran the kingdom of Babylon between 1595 and 1155 BC, following the first Babylonian dynasty (Old Babylonian Empire; 1894-1595 BC).
Although Babylon was quite a small state in Sumer, it grew tremendously throughout the time of Hammurabi's rule. He was known as "the lawmaker" and created the Code of Hammurabi. Soon Babylon became one of the main cities in Mesopotamia. It was later called Babylonia, which meant "the gateway of the gods."
Babylon was flourishing between the 18th and 6th centuries BCE under King Nebuchadnezzar II before its fall in 539 BCE to the persian empire. [3] Western interest in Babylon began to emerge in the 19th century, particularly after the decimperment of cuneiform in the mid-1800s, which allowed scholars to access ancient Mesopotamian texts.
[5] [9] The Hittites proceeded to sack the city of Babylon which ended the Hammurabi dynasty and Old Babylonian period. [6] [5] [1] However, the Hittites chose not to subjugate Babylon or the surrounding regions and instead withdrew from the conquered city up the Euphrates River to their homeland "Hatti-land". [1]