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Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam is characterized by challenges and achievements. Among the achievements is a substantial increase in access to water supply and sanitation between 1990 and 2010, nearly universal metering, and increased investment in wastewater treatment since 2007.
The Mekong Delta, covering about 40,000 square kilometers, is a low-level plain not more than three meters above sea level at any point and criss-crossed by a maze of canals and rivers. So much sediment is carried by the Mekong's various branches and tributaries that the delta advances sixty to eighty meters into the sea every year.
Accessibility to clean water. Vietnamese citizens generally have high levels of freshwater accessibility, [28] although there is some variability [29] between larger and smaller cities, and between cities and rural areas. Tap water is a readily available water supply in large cities such as Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. However, in rural areas ...
Although the amount of water is comparably high, the distribution is uneven in time and in space. The rainy season lasts 4–5 months and during this time 75-85% of the total volume of precipitation occurs. The water availability in Vietnam is supposed to be 830-840 billion m 3 annually from which approximately 37% is generated on Vietnamese ...
Due to the heavy rain, water levels in major river systems in northern Vietnam, including the Red River and Thái Bình River systems, rose rapidly, causing significant flooding in 20 out of 25 northern provinces from 8 to 15 September. [27] Thao River's upstream section in Lào Cai surpassed the historical flood level of 1971 by 0.27 m (11 in ...
In 2019 Vietnam was the world's 22nd largest CO 2 emitter from fuel combustion and the 3rd largest in ASEAN. [3] Vietnam is one of the top 10 countries with the most serious air pollution in the world. The level of unsafe particles is similar to that of large cities and industrial areas in China.
Only about 4% of the population of Vietnam has water fluoridation, whereas only 70% get their water from public supplies. [27] Many places in Vietnam already have sufficient levels of fluoride or in some cases, fluoride concentrations were already too high and needed to be reduced to avoid the effects of fluorosis. [66]
It belongs to Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration (VMHA) under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment with authority to issue forecasting/warning information for weather, climate, hydrology, water resource, marine weather (i.e. hydro-meteorology) and provide hydro-meteorology services. [1]