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Protein–energy undernutrition (PEU), once called protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of conditions arising from coincident lack of dietary protein and/or energy in varying proportions. The condition has mild, moderate, and severe degrees.
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition associated with a low protein diet. [2] The extreme lack of protein causes an osmotic imbalance in the gastrointestinal system causing swelling of the gut diagnosed as an edema or retention of water. [7]
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is another form of malnutrition that affects children. PEM can appear as conditions called marasmus, kwashiorkor, and an intermediate state of marasmus-kwashiorkor. Although malnutrition can have severe and lasting health effects on women and children, they are still susceptible to other water-related dangers. [10]
Protein deficiency and malnutrition (PEM) can lead to variety of ailments including Intellectual disability and kwashiorkor. [59] Symptoms of kwashiorkor include apathy, diarrhea, inactivity, failure to grow, flaky skin, fatty liver, and edema of the belly and legs.
There are multiple forms of malnutrition and roughly one-third of the world's population is currently experiencing one or more of them. There are around 50 million children less than five years old who have protein-energy malnutrition. Of the malnourished children population in the world, 80% live in Asia, 15% in Africa, and 5% in Latin America.
For older adults facing malnutrition, it may be helpful to take a drinkable nutrition supplement (such as Boost or Ensure), consume foods fortified with key nutrients and eat plenty of protein ...
An example of nutritional hypoproteinemia is Kwashiorkor, a type of protein energy malnutrition affecting young children. Malabsorption , often caused by celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease Liver disease can also cause hypoproteinemia by decreasing synthesis of plasma proteins like albumin.