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Alaskan halibut often weigh over 100 pounds (45 kg). Specimens under 20 pounds (9.1 kg) are often thrown back when caught. With a land area of 586,412 square miles (1,518,800 km 2), not counting the Aleutian islands, Alaska is one-fifth the size of lower 48 states, and as Ken Schultz [4] notes in his chapter on Alaska [5] "Alaska is a bounty of more than 3,000 rivers, more than 3 million lakes ...
Changes in caribou migration can be problematic for Alaska Natives, who depend on caribou for food. [16] Caribou in Alaska are abundant; currently there are an estimated 950,000 in the state. [16] The populations of caribou are controlled by predators and hunters (who shoot about 22,000 caribou a year). [16]
Early Nunamiut lived by hunting caribou instead of the marine mammals and fish hunted by coastal Iñupiat. After 1850 the interior became depopulated because of diseases, the decline of the caribou and the migration to the coast (including the Mackenzie Delta area in Canada, where they are called Uummarmiut) where whaling and fox trapping provided a temporarily promising alternative.
Some hunting years were better than others as resident caribou and migratory herds grew or declined, but Kivallirmiut populations dwindled through the decades. Starvation was not uncommon. During a bleak period in the 1920s, some of the Kivallirmiut made their way to Hudson's Bay Company outposts and small, scattered villages on their own.
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Reindeer hunting by humans has a very long history and caribou/wild reindeer "may well be the species of single greatest importance in the entire anthropological literature on hunting." [ 3 ] In Greenland, wild reindeer have been hunted as a source of food, clothing, shelter, and tools by the Inuit - the indigenous peoples that populate the ...
The Alaska Department of Fish and Game introduced approximately 23 caribou calves to the island in the late 1950s, in part to help prevent famine emergencies. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Adak Island, with its now large caribou herd of approximately 1,000 animals, according to a 2019 and 2022 count, has become a popular hunting destination.
[17] [49] The caribou hunt occurred in the early summer and mid-summer. Caribou hunting during the fall migration involved the use of fence, corral, and snare complexes and was a seasonal activity critical to the survival of the Tanana people. [6] Today, most caribou meat is typically used fresh or frozen for later use. [17]
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