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Kava or kava kava (Piper methysticum: Latin 'pepper' and Latinized Greek 'intoxicating') is a plant in the pepper family, native to the Pacific Islands. [1] The name kava is from Tongan and Marquesan , meaning 'bitter.’ [ 1 ] Other names for kava include ʻawa ( Hawaiʻi ), [ 2 ] ʻava ( Samoa ), yaqona or yagona ( Fiji ), [ 3 ] sakau ...
The impact factor relates to a specific time period; it is possible to calculate it for any desired period. For example, the JCR also includes a five-year impact factor, which is calculated by dividing the number of citations to the journal in a given year by the number of articles published in that journal in the previous five years. [14] [15]
The dry coffee grounds contain significant amounts of potassium (11.7 g/kg), nitrogen (27.9 g/kg), magnesium (1.9 g/kg), and phosphorus (1.8 g/kg). [5] The quantity of caffeine remaining in used coffee grounds is around 48% of that in fresh coffee grounds. [6] There are significantly less tannins in used coffee grounds than fresh coffee grounds ...
European colonists adopted this beverage as a coffee-substitute, which they called "cassina". [8] In Quebec, the seeds of the black locust were historically used as a coffee substitute, before the stem borer decimated populations of the tree. [citation needed] A coffee substitute from ground, roasted chickpeas was mentioned by a German writer ...
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Brewing considerations include the fineness of the grind, how the water is used to extract the flavor, the ratio of coffee grounds to water (the brew ratio), additional flavorings such as sugar, milk, and spices, and the technique to be used to separate spent grounds. Optimal coffee extraction occurs between 91 and 96 °C (196 and 205 °F). [114]
Many factors are taken into consideration when coffee is considered for organic certification. For example, the coffee farm's fertilizer must be 100% organic. Some organic fertilizer options include chicken manure, coffee pulp, bocachi and general compost. If inorganic fertilizers such as synthetic nitrogen, phosphate, and potash are used, then ...
World Coffee Research (WCR) is a non-profit research and development agricultural organization. [1] The organization was founded with participation or funds from thirty coffee industry groups including the Specialty Coffee Association of America, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Peet's Coffee & Tea, Counter Culture Coffee, the coffee importers InterAmerican Coffee, and specialty coffee ...