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As a read-only operation the traversal of an AVL tree functions the same way as on any other binary tree. Exploring all n nodes of the tree visits each link exactly twice: one downward visit to enter the subtree rooted by that node, another visit upward to leave that node's subtree after having explored it.
AA tree; AVL tree; Binary search tree; Binary tree; Cartesian tree; Conc-tree list; Left-child right-sibling binary tree; Order statistic tree; Pagoda; Randomized binary search tree; Red–black tree; Rope; Scapegoat tree; Self-balancing binary search tree; Splay tree; T-tree; Tango tree; Threaded binary tree; Top tree; Treap; WAVL tree; Weight ...
The worst-case height of AVL is 0.720 times the worst-case height of red-black trees, so AVL trees are more rigidly balanced. The performance measurements of Ben Pfaff with realistic test cases in 79 runs find AVL to RB ratios between 0.677 and 1.077, median at 0.947, and geometric mean 0.910. [22] The performance of WAVL trees lie in between ...
This unsorted tree has non-unique values (e.g., the value 2 existing in different nodes, not in a single node only) and is non-binary (only up to two children nodes per parent node in a binary tree). The root node at the top (with the value 2 here), has no parent as it is the highest in the tree hierarchy.
All of the red-black tree algorithms that have been proposed are characterized by a worst-case search time bounded by a small constant multiple of log N in a tree of N keys, and the behavior observed in practice is typically that same multiple faster than the worst-case bound, close to the optimal log N nodes examined that would be observed in a perfectly balanced tree.
Tree rotations are used in a number of tree data structures such as AVL trees, red–black trees, WAVL trees, splay trees, and treaps. They require only constant time because they are local transformations: they only operate on 5 nodes, and need not examine the rest of the tree.
In 2016, Blelloch et al. formally proposed the join-based algorithms, and formalized the join algorithm for four different balancing schemes: AVL trees, red–black trees, weight-balanced trees and treaps. In the same work they proved that Adams' algorithms on union, intersection and difference are work-optimal on all the four balancing schemes.
The weak AVL tree is defined by the weak AVL rule: Weak AVL rule: all rank differences are 1 or 2, and all leaf nodes have rank 0. Note that weak AVL tree generalizes the AVL tree by allowing for 2,2 type node. A simple proof shows that a weak AVL tree can be colored in a way that represents a red-black tree.