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API Standard 682, titled "Pumps - Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps," is the American Petroleum Institute standard for end-face mechanical seals. [1] The purpose of API 682 is to assist in the selection and operation of end face mechanical seals in centrifugal pumps. It is based on the combined knowledge and experience of ...
The O-ring was developed in the 1930s but not used in mechanical seals until after World War II. In the late 1930s, probably about 1938 or 1939, mechanical seals began to replace packing on automobile water pumps. The famous Jeep of WWII used a rubber bellows seal in the water pump. After WWII, all automobile water pumps used mechanical seals.
The effectiveness of a seal is dependent on adhesion in the case of sealants and compression in the case of gaskets. The seals are installed in pumps in a wide range of industries including chemicals, water supply, paper production, food processing and many other applications. [1] A stationary seal may also be referred to as a 'packing'. Seal ...
Typical O-ring and application. An O-ring, also known as a packing or a toric joint, is a mechanical gasket in the shape of a torus; it is a loop of elastomer with a round cross-section, designed to be seated in a groove and compressed during assembly between two or more parts, forming a seal at the interface.
In a common type of stuffing box, rings of braided fiber, known as shaft packing or gland packing, form a seal between the shaft and the stuffing box. A traditional variety of shaft packing comprises a square cross-section rope made of flax or hemp impregnated with wax and lubricants. A turn of the adjusting nut compresses the shaft packing.
Labyrinth seals are also found on pistons, which use them to store oil and seal against high pressure during compression and power strokes, as well as on non-rotating shafts. In these applications, it is the long and difficult path and the formation of controlled fluid vortices plus some limited contact-sealing action that creates the seal.
Radial shaft seal of Romo washing machine pump. Radial shaft seals, also known as lip seals, are used to seal rotary elements, such as a shaft or rotating bore.Common examples include strut seals, hydraulic pump seals, axle seals, power steering seals, and valve stem seals.
Magnetically coupled pumps, or magnetic drive pumps, vary from the traditional pumping style, as the motor is coupled to the pump by magnetic means rather than by a direct mechanical shaft. The pump works via a drive magnet, 'driving' the pump rotor, which is magnetically coupled to the primary shaft driven by the motor. [ 8 ]