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In England, the length and width of the common brick remained fairly constant from 1625 when the size was regulated by statute at 9 x 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 x 3 inches [45] (but see brick tax), but the depth has varied from about two inches (51 mm) or smaller in earlier times to about 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (64 mm) more recently.
A leaf is as thick as the width of one brick, but a wall is said to be one brick thick if it as wide as the length of a brick. Accordingly, a single-leaf wall is a half brick thickness; a wall with the simplest possible masonry transverse bond [definition needed] is said to be one brick thick, and so on. [21]
A load-bearing wall or bearing wall is a wall that is an active structural element of a building — that is, it bears the weight of the elements above said wall, resting upon it by conducting its weight to a foundation structure. [1] The materials most often used to construct load-bearing walls in large buildings are concrete, block, or brick.
A standard 8-inch CMU block is exactly equal to three courses of brick. [3] A bond (or bonding) pattern) is the arrangement of several courses of brickwork. [2] The corners of a masonry wall are built first, then the spaces between them are filled by the remaining courses. [4]
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[2] In the United States, common sizes for steel shelf angles include L 3" x 3" x 1/4" and L 4" x 4" x 1/4".In the UK and Europe shelf angles / masonry support are predominantly manufactured in stainless steel to prevent corrosion and failure. These are bespoke to the building's frame and engineered to take the loads required.
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Standards for foundations are similar to those for brick walls. A CEB wall is heavy. Footings must be at least 10 inches thick, with a minimum width that is 33 percent greater than the wall width. If a stem wall is used, it should extend to an elevation not less than eight inches (200 mm) above the exterior finish grade.