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Untranslatability is the property of text or speech for which no equivalent can be found when translated into another (given) language. A text that is considered to be untranslatable is considered a lacuna, or lexical gap. The term arises when describing the difficulty of achieving the so-called perfect translation.
According to Lawrence Venuti, every translator should look at the translation process through the prism of culture which refracts the source language cultural norms and it is the translator’s task to convey them, preserving their meaning and their foreignness, to the target-language text. Every step in the translation process—from the ...
Communication strategies are strategies that learners use to overcome these problems in order to convey their intended meaning. [1] Strategies used may include paraphrasing, substitution, coining new words, switching to the first language, and asking for clarification.
You can choose one of these templates that tag text with inline messages to request specific clarifications that you cannot provide yourself: {{ Clarify }} to mark individual phrases or sentences {{ Confusing }} to mark sections (or entire articles, though this is undesirable because it makes it unclear what exactly needs to be improved)
Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).
In translation studies, the accepted meaning is now as a new translation into the same target language of a previously translated work. [6] The traditional conceptualization holds that the process is linear [ 7 ] or chronological, with retranslation always taking place after the first translation. [ 8 ]
In semantics, the best-known types of semantic equivalence are dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence (two terms coined by Eugene Nida), which employ translation approaches that focus, respectively, on conveying the meaning of the source text; and that lend greater importance to preserving, in the translation, the literal structure of the source text.
Sight translation combines interpretation and translation; the interpreter must render the source-language document to the target-language as if it were written in the target language. Sight translation occurs usually, but not exclusively, in judicial and medical work.