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The hook effect refers to the prozone phenomenon, also known as antibody excess, or the postzone phenomenon, also known as antigen excess. It is an immunologic phenomenon whereby the effectiveness of antibodies to form immune complexes can be impaired when concentrations of an antibody or an antigen are very high.
A pregnancy test is used to determine whether a female is pregnant or not. The two primary methods are testing for the female pregnancy hormone ( human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) in blood or urine using a pregnancy test kit, and scanning with ultrasonography . [ 1 ]
Pregnancy symptoms may be categorized based on trimester as well as region of the body affected. Each pregnancy can be quite different and many people do not experience the same or all of the symptoms. If a person is concerned about their symptoms they should be encouraged to speak with an appropriate healthcare professional. [1]
A woman's breasts grow during pregnancy, typically 1 to 2 cup sizes. [10] A woman who wore a C cup bra prior to her pregnancy may need to buy an F cup or larger bra while nursing. [11] A woman's torso also grows and her bra band size may increase one or two sizes. [12]
Urine-based pregnancy tests detect hCG in the urine, while blood-based pregnancy tests measure the level of hCG in the blood. [5] The presence of hCG in a woman's body indicates that a fertilized egg has implanted in the uterus and the placenta has started to form. 10 days after fertilization, significant hCG can be detected from woman's blood ...
[1] A hormone secreting structure that develops on the ovary after ovulation. Maternal recognition of pregnancy differs between species, however they all include a signal to prevent luteolysis, which then prevents the resumption of menstrual or oestrous cycles. Luteolysis is the regression of the corpus luteum. The process is identified by the ...
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The hCG test can be used to screen for uterus cancer, or a molar pregnancy, which is when there is abnormal placental growth in the uterus. [9] The hCG test can also be done after a miscarriage to ensure that a molar pregnancy is not present. In men, the hCG test can be used to screen for the presence of testicular cancer. [9]