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  2. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longman_Grammar_of_Spoken...

    [3] While targeting "English language students and researchers" (p. 45), an abridged version of the grammar was released in 2002, Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English, together with a workbook entitled Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English Workbook, to be used by students on university and teacher-training courses.

  3. Grammar–translation method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar–translation_method

    Grammar–translation classes are usually conducted in the students' native language. Grammatical rules are learned deductively; students learn grammar rules by rote, [6] and then practice the rules by doing grammar drills and translating sentences to and from the target language. More attention is paid to the form of the sentences being ...

  4. Chomsky hierarchy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky_hierarchy

    Marcel-Paul Schützenberger also played a role in the development of the theory of formal languages; the paper "The algebraic theory of context free languages" [2] describes the modern hierarchy, including context-free grammars. [3] Independently, alongside linguists, mathematicians were developing models of computation (via automata). Parsing ...

  5. Arabic grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_grammar

    The numerals 1 and 2 are adjectives. Thus they follow the noun and agree with gender. Numerals 3–10 have a peculiar rule of agreement known as polarity: A feminine referrer agrees with a numeral in masculine gender and vice versa, e.g. thalāthu fatayātin (ثَلَاثُ فَتَيَاتٍ) "three girls". The noun counted takes indefinite ...

  6. Traditional grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_grammar

    Traditional grammar (also known as classical grammar) is a framework for the description of the structure of a language or group of languages. [1] The roots of traditional grammar are in the work of classical Greek and Latin philologists. [2] The formal study of grammar based on these models became popular during the Renaissance. [3]

  7. English grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

    The first published English grammar was a Pamphlet for Grammar of 1586, written by William Bullokar with the stated goal of demonstrating that English was just as rule-based as Latin. Bullokar's grammar was faithfully modeled on William Lily's Latin grammar, Rudimenta Grammatices (1534), used in English schools at that time, having been ...

  8. Chomsky's Universal Grammar: An Introduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky's_Universal_Grammar...

    The universal grammar is a study of "I-language" (internalized language), not "E-language" (externalized language). Cook distinguishes Chomsky's linguistic universals from implicational universals. [1] On first-language acquisition (FLA), Cook presents Chomsky's nativist perspective—that humans are born with innate knowledge of natural language.

  9. Pattern grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_grammar

    Pattern Grammar is a model for describing the syntactic environments of individual lexical items, derived from studying their occurrences in authentic linguistic corpora. It was developed by Hunston, Francis, and Manning as part of the COBUILD project.