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The Air Force agreed, except to get 5,000 masks to support a 1985 Technology Demonstration. Production began in 1985 and some active duty Sailors and Airmen had a new protective mask before Operation Desert Storm in 1991. It replaced the earlier M17 gas mask and is itself scheduled to be replaced by the M50 joint service general purpose mask
It is an above-the-neck, chemical-biological (CB) respirator that protects against battlefield concentrations of CB agents, toxins, toxic industrial materials, and radioactive particulate matter. The M50/51 masks replace the M40 field protective mask and M42, the MCU-2/P series masks, and the M45 of the Land Warrior Program. [2]
Fit test in US Navy. The effectiveness of various types of respirators was measured in laboratories and in the workplace. [3] These measurements showed that in practice, the effectiveness of negative pressure tight fitting respiratory protective devices (RPD) depends on leakage between mask and face, rather than the filters/canisters. [4]
U.S. Marines in MOPP 4 gear during the 2003 invasion of Iraq U.S. Army soldiers test MOPP 4 gear at the Yuma Proving Ground's Tropic Regions Test Center in Hawaii. MOPP (an acronym for "Mission Oriented Protective Posture"; pronounced "mop") is protective gear used by U.S. military personnel in a toxic environment, e.g., during a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear strike:
Fit testing of tight-fitting masks of negative-pressure respirators became widely used in US industry in 1980-s. At the beginning, it was thought that the half-mask fit quite well to the worker's face, if during a fit test the protection factor (fit factor) is not less than 10 (later, experts began to use "safety factor" = 10 during the fit ...
If respirators must be used, under 29 CFR 1910.134, OSHA requires respirator users to conduct a respirator fit test, with a safety factor of 10 to offset lower fit during real world use. [97] However, NIOSH notes the large amount of time required for fit testing has been a point of contention for employers.
Navy Enlistment: An Analysis of Military Entrance Processing Stations Medical Failures. Naval Postgraduate School. 1997. Assessing Fitness for Military Enlistment: Physical, Medical, and Mental Health Standards. National Academies Press. 27 February 2006. ISBN 978-0-309-16487-0. Budahn, P. J. (30 September 2000).
US Navy Seabees jog during an exercise with M40s worn. The M40 was the result of a program in the 1980s to develop a successor to the M17-series protective masks which had been in service with the US armed forces since 1959.