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2. Biotin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin

   [1] [36] In the US, biotin as a non-prescription dietary supplement is sold in amounts of 1 to 10 mg per serving, with claims for supporting hair and nail health, and as 300 mg per day as a possibly effective treatment for multiple sclerosis [37] [38] (see § Research). Overconsumption of 5 mg/day or higher causes elevated concentration in ...

3. Cyanocobalamin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanocobalamin

   Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B. 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B. 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7][8][2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.

4. Vitamin B12 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12

   Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. [2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. [3]

5. Methylcobalamin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcobalamin

   Methylcobalamin (mecobalamin, MeCbl, or MeB 12) is a cobalamin, a form of vitamin B 12. It differs from cyanocobalamin in that the cyano group at the cobalt is replaced with a methyl group. [1] Methylcobalamin features an octahedral cobalt (III) centre and can be obtained as bright red crystals. [2] From the perspective of coordination ...

6. Vitamin D deficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_deficiency

   Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body. [1][7][2] One nanogram per millilitre (1 ng/mL) is equivalent to 2.5 nanomoles per litre (2.5 nmol/L). Severe deficiency: <12 ng/mL = <30 nmol/L[2] Deficiency ...

7. International unit - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_unit

   International unit. In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances. International units are used to quantify vitamins and biologics (hormones, some medications, vaccines, blood products and similar ...