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  2. Marine coastal ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_coastal_ecosystem

    A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.

  3. Coast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast

    A coast – also called the coastline, shoreline, or seashore – is the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake. [1] [2] Coasts are influenced by the topography of the surrounding landscape, as well as by water induced erosion, such as waves.

  4. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    Also coastline, seashore, and seaboard. The area where land meets a sea or ocean. Compare shore. coastal Of, on, or pertaining to a coast or coastline, i.e. a boundary or transition between land and sea. Coastal areas are regions defined by interactions between terrestrial and marine processes. coastal bench See wave-cut platform. coefficient ...

  5. Coastal biogeomorphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_biogeomorphology

    The shape of coastlines can be influenced by biological processes. Since the 1990s, biogeomorphology has developed as an established research field examining the interrelationship between organisms and geomorphic processes in a variety of environments, both marine, and terrestrial. [1]

  6. Estuary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary

    A more comprehensive definition of an estuary is "a semi-enclosed body of water connected to the sea as far as the tidal limit or the salt intrusion limit and receiving freshwater runoff; however the freshwater inflow may not be perennial, the connection to the sea may be closed for part of the year and tidal influence may be negligible". [3]

  7. Graded shoreline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graded_shoreline

    A graded shoreline is a stage in the cycle of coastal development characterised by a flat and straight coastline. It is formed under the influence of wind and water from the original bays, islands, peninsulas and promontories. Sand and gravel is carried away and dumped at other locations depending on the direction and strength of sea currents.

  8. Marine ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_ecosystem

    Marine ecosystems can be divided into many zones depending upon water depth and shoreline features. The oceanic zone is the vast open part of the ocean where animals such as whales, sharks, and tuna live. The benthic zone consists of substrates below water where many invertebrates live. The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tides.

  9. Littoral zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone

    The littoral zone, also called litoral or nearshore, is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. [1] In coastal ecology, the littoral zone includes the intertidal zone extending from the high water mark (which is rarely inundated), to coastal areas that are permanently submerged — known as the foreshore — and the terms are often used interchangeably.