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In biochemistry, a zymogen (/ ˈ z aɪ m ə dʒ ən,-m oʊ-/ [1] [2]), also called a proenzyme (/ ˌ p r oʊ ˈ ɛ n z aɪ m / [3] [4]), is an inactive precursor of an enzyme.A zymogen requires a biochemical change (such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing the active site, or changing the configuration to reveal the active site) for it to become an active enzyme.
The prothrombinase complex catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin (factor II), an inactive zymogen, to thrombin (factor IIa), an active serine protease. The activation of thrombin is a critical reaction in the coagulation cascade , which functions to regulate hemostasis in the body.
The precursors of caspase, procaspase, may be activated by proteolysis through its association with a protein complex that forms apoptosome, or by granzyme B, or via the death receptor pathways. Autoproteolysis
In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. [1] The term is usually used for small molecules.Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and ...
A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule. The name of the precursor for a protein is often prefixed by pro-.
It has also been used in the generation of L-phenylalanine as precursor of the sweetener aspartame. [7] The enzyme is a member of the ammonia lyase family, which cleaves carbon–nitrogen bonds. Like other lyases, PAL requires only one substrate for the forward reaction, but two for the reverse.
A proto-metabolism is a series of linked chemical reactions in a prebiotic environment that preceded and eventually turned into modern metabolism.Combining ongoing research in astrobiology and prebiotic chemistry, work in this area focuses on reconstructing the connections between potential metabolic processes that may have occurred in early Earth conditions. [1]
Other endogenous substrates of MAO include telemethylhistamine, a metabolite of histamine, and N-acetylputrescine, a metabolite of putrescine and a precursor and metabolic intermediate in a minor metabolic pathway resulting in the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).