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Illustration showing Akin osteotomy correction of the big toe. Akin osteotomy is a surgical procedure often used in the treatment of hallux valgus deformity, more commonly known as a bunion. [1] A bunion is a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe, often resulting in the toe pointing abnormally toward the second toe.
Hallux rigidus or stiff big toe is degenerative arthritis and stiffness due to bone spurs that affects the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) at the base of the hallux (big toe). Hallux flexus was initially described by Davies-Colley [ 1 ] in 1887 as a plantar flexed posture of phalanx relative to the metatarsal head.
A cheilectomy is a surgical procedure that removes bone spurs from the base of the big toe. [1] Patients with a condition called hallux rigidus, or arthritis of the big toe, have pain and stiffness in the big toe. The word cheilectomy comes from the Greek word Cheilos, meaning "lip."
While the bone formation usually spans the entire duration of the healing process, in some instances, bone marrow within the fracture has healed two or fewer weeks before the final remodelling phase. [citation needed] While immobilization and surgery may facilitate healing, a fracture ultimately heals through physiological processes.
Fractures of big toes make up about a fifth [3] or third [8] of all toe fractures, and 5.5% of all foot and ankle fractures in major US trauma hospitals. [10] Toe fractures are the most common foot fractures. [8] About 20% of broken toes involve open wounds. [10]
The surgery is performed by arthroscopy, after the joint is cleaned of calcified cartilage. Through use of an awl, the surgeon creates tiny fractures in the subchondral bone plate. [10] Blood and bone marrow (which contains stem cells) seep out of the fractures, creating a blood clot that releases cartilage-building cells.
A similar condition of the little toe is referred to as a bunionette. [2] Treatment may include proper shoes, orthotics, or NSAIDs. [2] If this is not effective for improving symptoms, surgery may be performed. [2] It affects about 23% of adults. [1] Females are affected more often than males. [2] Usual age of onset is between 20 and 50 years ...
While cuneiform fractures are fairly rare, the most commonly fractured cuneiform bone is the Medial cuneiform, typically the cause of a cuneiform fracture is by physical trauma (direct blow) to the cuneiform, as well as the result of an avulsion fracture and a result of axial load, [5] but can also be the result of a stress reaction that progressed with continued weight-bearing and physical ...