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The physical and chemical properties of the alkali metals can be readily explained by their having an ns 1 valence electron configuration, which results in weak metallic bonding. Hence, all the alkali metals are soft and have low densities, [5] melting [5] and boiling points, [5] as well as heats of sublimation, vaporisation, and dissociation.
Caustic potash/caustic wood alkali – potassium hydroxide, formed by adding lime to potash. Caustic Soda/caustic marine alkali – sodium hydroxide, NaOH, formed by adding lime to natron. Caustic volatile alkali – ammonium hydroxide. Corrosive sublimate – mercuric chloride, formed by subliming mercury, calcined green vitriol, common salt ...
In chemistry, an alkali (/ ˈ æ l k ə l aɪ /; from the Arabic word al-qāly, القلوي) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0.
The common notions that "alkali metal ions (group 1A) always have a +1 charge" [136] and that "transition elements do not form anions" [137] are textbook errors. The synthesis of a crystalline salt of the sodium anion Na − was reported in 1974.
Rubidium is the first alkali metal in the group to have a density higher than water. On Earth, natural rubidium comprises two isotopes : 72% is a stable isotope 85 Rb, and 28% is slightly radioactive 87 Rb, with a half-life of 48.8 billion years – more than three times as long as the estimated age of the universe .
A once-common use was the making of tetraethyllead and titanium metal; because of the move away from TEL and new titanium production methods, the production of sodium declined after 1970. [60] Sodium is also used as an alloying metal, an anti-scaling agent, [71] and as a reducing agent for metals when other materials are ineffective.
The alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) are the second most reactive metals in the periodic table, and, like the Group 1 metals, have increasing reactivity with increasing numbers of energy levels. Beryllium (Be) is the only alkaline earth metal that does not react with water or steam, even if the metal is heated red hot. [9]
Native metals – Metals that occur pure in nature, including the noble metals and others such as Sn and Pb. Noble metals – Variously-defined group of metals that are generally resistant to corrosion. Usually includes Ag, Au, and the platinum-group metals. Non-ferrous metals - Metals or alloys that do not contain iron in appreciable amounts.