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In solid modeling and computer-aided design, boundary representation (often abbreviated B-rep or BREP) is a method for representing a 3D shape [1] by defining the limits of its volume. A solid is represented as a collection of connected surface elements, which define the boundary between interior and exterior points.
A reference dimension is a dimension on an engineering drawing provided for information only. [1] Reference dimensions are provided for a variety of reasons and are often an accumulation of other dimensions that are defined elsewhere [2] (e.g. on the drawing or other related documentation). These dimensions may also be used for convenience to ...
These three views are known as front view (also elevation view), top view or plan view and end view (also profile view or section view). When the plane or axis of the object depicted is not parallel to the projection plane, and where multiple sides of an object are visible in the same image, it is called an auxiliary view .
Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) [a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, [2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.
A datum reference or just datum (plural: datums [Note 1]) is some important part of an object—such as a point, line, plane, hole, set of holes, or pair of surfaces—that serves as a reference in defining the geometry of the object and (often) in measuring aspects of the actual geometry to assess how closely they match with the nominal value, which may be an ideal, standard, average, or ...
Given the X, Y and Z coordinates of P, R, S and U, projections 1 and 2 are drawn to scale on the X-Y and X-Z planes, respectively. To get a true view (length in the projection is equal to length in 3D space) of one of the lines: SU in this example, projection 3 is drawn with hinge line H 2,3 parallel to S 2 U 2.
Example of true position geometric control defined by basic dimensions and datum features. Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances via a symbolic language on engineering drawings and computer-generated 3D models that describes a physical object's nominal geometry and the permissible variation thereof.
The geometry in solid modeling is fully described in 3‑D space; objects can be viewed from any angle. Solid modeling (or solid modelling) is a consistent set of principles for mathematical and computer modeling of three-dimensional shapes .