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Cyclic numbers are related to the recurring digital representations of unit fractions. A cyclic number of length L is the digital representation of 1/(L + 1). Conversely, if the digital period of 1/p (where p is prime) is p − 1, then the digits represent a cyclic number. For example: 1/7 = 0.142857 142857...
A cyclic number [1] [2] is a natural number n such that n and φ(n) are coprime. Here φ is Euler's totient function. An equivalent definition is that a number n is cyclic if and only if any group of order n is cyclic. [3] Any prime number is clearly cyclic. All cyclic numbers are square-free. [4] Let n = p 1 p 2 …
For powers of 2 the factor (/) is not cyclic unless k = 0, 1, 2, but factors into cyclic groups as described above. The order of the group φ ( n ) {\displaystyle \varphi (n)} is the product of the orders of the cyclic groups in the direct product.
Cyclic number, a number such that cyclic permutations of the digits are successive multiples of the number; Cyclic order, a ternary relation defining a way to arrange a set of objects in a circle; Cyclic permutation, a permutation with one nontrivial orbit; Cyclic polygon, a polygon which can be given a circumscribed circle; Cyclic shift, also ...
In abstract algebra, every subgroup of a cyclic group is cyclic. Moreover, for a finite cyclic group of order n, every subgroup's order is a divisor of n, and there is exactly one subgroup for each divisor. [1] [2] This result has been called the fundamental theorem of cyclic groups. [3] [4]
A cyclic group, C n is the group of rotations of a regular n-gon, that is, n elements equally spaced around a circle. This group has φ(d ) elements of order d for each divisor d of n, where φ(d ) is the Euler φ-function, giving the number of natural numbers less than d which are relatively prime to d.
The number of ideal classes (the class number of R) may be infinite in general. In fact, every abelian group is isomorphic to the ideal class group of some Dedekind domain. [1] But if R is a ring of algebraic integers, then the class number is always finite. This is one of the main results of classical algebraic number theory.
Since a linear order induces a cyclic order, cyclically ordered groups are also a generalization of linearly ordered groups: the rational numbers Q, the real numbers R, and so on. Some of the most important cyclically ordered groups fall into neither previous category: the circle group T and its subgroups , such as the subgroup of rational points .