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  2. Titanium sublimation pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_sublimation_pump

    Samples may become contaminated by titanium if they have line-of-sight to the pump. Also, titanium is a very hard material, so titanium film which builds up on the inside of the chamber may form flakes which fall into mechanical components (typically turbomolecular pumps and valves) and damage them. Many chambers containing TSPs also have an ...

  3. Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Laboratory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_U-238_Atomic...

    Gilbert cloud chamber, assembled An alternative view of kit contents. The lab contained a cloud chamber allowing the viewer to watch alpha particles traveling at 12,000 miles per second (19,000,000 m/s), a spinthariscope showing the results of radioactive disintegration on a fluorescent screen, and an electroscope measuring the radioactivity of different substances in the set.

  4. Ultra-high vacuum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high_vacuum

    Ion pumps; Titanium sublimation pumps; Non-evaporable getter (NEG) pumps; Cryopumps; Diffusion pumps, especially when used with a cryogenic trap designed to minimize backstreaming of pump oil into the systems. Turbo pumps and diffusion pumps rely on supersonic attack upon system molecules by the blades and high speed vapor stream, respectively.

  5. Sublimatory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimatory

    A sublimatory [1] [2] or sublimation apparatus is equipment, commonly laboratory glassware, for purification of compounds by selective sublimation. In principle, the operation resembles purification by distillation , except that the products do not pass through a liquid phase .

  6. Edwards Vacuum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards_Vacuum

    Edwards was awarded its seventh Queen's Award in 2012, and acquired USA-based Gamma Vacuum in 2013, maintaining the brand until this day. [32] Gamma Vacuum specialises in ion and titanium sublimation pumps, with customers mainly in the scientific industry. [7]

  7. These Valentine's Day Crafts for Kids Will Help Them Spread ...

    www.aol.com/easy-valentines-day-crafts-kids...

    These Valentine's Day crafts for kids are fun for all ages, including cards, DIY gifts like candy, wreaths, and other decorations.

  8. Physical vapor deposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_vapor_deposition

    Close-space sublimation, the material, and substrate are placed close to one another and radiatively heated. Pulsed laser deposition: a high-power laser ablates material from the target into a vapor. Thermal laser epitaxy: a continuous-wave laser evaporates individual, free-standing elemental sources which then condense upon a substrate.

  9. Sundyne - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundyne

    HMD Pumps in England invents and engineers the world's first magnet drive pump. 1957—Sundstrand develops the first water injection pump for the commercial jet aircraft industry. The pump is designed to boost engine thrust during takeoff. 1962—Sundstrand develops the first Sundyne high-speed centrifugal pump and sells it to Shell Chemical.