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  2. Mean value theorem (divided differences) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_value_theorem...

    For any n + 1 pairwise distinct points x ... , x n in the domain of an n-times differentiable ... where the nth derivative of f equals n ! times the nth divided ...

  3. Divisibility rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisibility_rule

    Answer: 7 × 1 + 6 × 10 + 5 × 9 + 4 × 12 + 3 × 3 + 2 × 4 + 1 × 1 = 178 mod 13 = 9 Remainder = 9 A recursive method can be derived using the fact that = and that =. This implies that a number is divisible by 13 iff removing the first digit and subtracting 3 times that digit from the new first digit yields a number divisible by 13.

  4. Divided differences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divided_differences

    In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. [citation needed] Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation. [1] Divided differences is a recursive division process.

  5. Differentiation rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation_rules

    Differentiable function – Mathematical function whose derivative exists Differential of a function – Notion in calculus Differentiation of integrals – Problem in mathematics

  6. Derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative

    A function of a real variable is differentiable at a point of its domain, if its domain contains an open interval containing ⁠ ⁠, and the limit = (+) exists. [2] This means that, for every positive real number ⁠ ⁠, there exists a positive real number such that, for every such that | | < and then (+) is defined, and | (+) | <, where the vertical bars denote the absolute value.

  7. Fundamental lemma of the calculus of variations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_lemma_of_the...

    If a continuous function on an open interval (,) satisfies the equality () =for all compactly supported smooth functions on (,), then is identically zero. [1] [2]Here "smooth" may be interpreted as "infinitely differentiable", [1] but often is interpreted as "twice continuously differentiable" or "continuously differentiable" or even just "continuous", [2] since these weaker statements may be ...

  8. Differential of a function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_of_a_function

    If there exists an m × n matrix A such that = + ‖ ‖ in which the vector ε → 0 as Δx → 0, then f is by definition differentiable at the point x. The matrix A is sometimes known as the Jacobian matrix , and the linear transformation that associates to the increment Δ x ∈ R n the vector A Δ x ∈ R m is, in this general setting ...

  9. Matrix calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_calculus

    In mathematics, matrix calculus is a specialized notation for doing multivariable calculus, especially over spaces of matrices.It collects the various partial derivatives of a single function with respect to many variables, and/or of a multivariate function with respect to a single variable, into vectors and matrices that can be treated as single entities.