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Accessory bones of the ankle. [13]Accessory bones at the ankle mainly include: Os subtibiale, with a prevalence of approximately 1%. [14] It is a secondary ossification center of the distal tibia that appears during the first year of life, and which in most people fuses with the shaft at approximately 15 years in females and approximately 17 years in males.
Joints of the hand, X-ray Interphalangeal ligaments and phalanges. Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view. The PIP joint exhibits great lateral stability. Its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior diameter and its thick collateral ligaments are tight in all positions during flexion, contrary to those in the metacarpophalangeal joint.
Left hand shown with thumb on left. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity.
X-ray of a left hand, with automatic calculation of bone age by a computer software. Bone age is the degree of a person's skeletal development. In children, bone age serves as a measure of physiological maturity and aids in the diagnosis of growth abnormalities, endocrine disorders, and other medical conditions.
In radiology, the Terry-Thomas sign is a scapholunate ligament dissociation on an anteroposterior view of the wrist. [1] [2] Most commonly a result of a fall on the outstretched hand (), the scapholunate ligament ruptures resulting in separation of the lunate and scaphoid bones.
Hand and wrist injuries are reported to account for fifteen to twenty percent of emergency room injuries, and metacarpal fractures represent a significant number of those injuries. Hand injuries of this sort are most prevalent among fifteen- to thirty-five-year-old males, and the fifth metacarpal is the one most commonly affected.
Joints of the hand, X-ray. The bones in each carpal row interlock with each other and each row can therefore be considered a single joint. In the proximal row a limited degree of mobility is possible, but the bones of the distal row are connected to each other and to the metacarpal bones by strong ligaments that make this row and the metacarpus a functional entity.
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