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  2. Posterior cruciate ligament injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_cruciate...

    Some exercises to strengthen the quadriceps and hamstring muscles include leg curls, leg lifts, prone knee flexion with resistance band and knee extensions. Some stretches to help prevent injury to the posterior cruciate ligament include stretching of the hamstring muscles by extending the legs, toes pointing up, leaning forward until the ...

  3. Manipulation under anesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulation_under_anesthesia

    It aims to break up adhesions (scar tissue) on and around spinal joints as the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and pelvic regions, or extremity joints as the knee, shoulder and hip, to which a restricted range of motion can be painful and limit function. Failed attempts at other standard conservative treatment methods (i.e., manipulation ...

  4. Reciprocal inhibition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_inhibition

    Muscle energy techniques that use reflexive antagonism, such as rapid deafferentation techniques, are medical guideline techniques and protocols that make use of reflexive pathways and reciprocal inhibition as a means of switching off inflammation, pain, and protective spasm for entire synergistic muscle groups or singular muscles and soft ...

  5. Patellofemoral pain syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellofemoral_pain_syndrome

    Manual therapy such as patellar joint mobilization, manipulation and soft tissue mobilization along with physical therapy exercises is found to be effective in treating PFPS. However, there is not enough evidence that supports lumbopelvic spine manipulation has any effect on the quadriceps muscle activation to improve function & reduce pain.

  6. Knee - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee

    The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or "kneecap", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the lower ...

  7. Obligatory synergies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligatory_synergies

    The extension synergy for the lower extremity includes hip extension, adduction and internal rotation, knee extension, ankle plantar flexion and inversion, and toe plantar flexion. [1] Note that some muscles are not usually involved in these synergy patterns and include the lattisimus dorsi, teres major, serratus anterior, finger extensors, and ...

  8. Iliotibial band syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliotibial_band_syndrome

    Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the second most common knee injury, and is caused by inflammation located on the lateral aspect of the knee due to friction between the iliotibial band and the lateral epicondyle of the femur. [2] Pain is felt most commonly on the lateral aspect of the knee and is most intensive at 30 degrees of knee flexion. [2]

  9. Cruciate ligament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciate_ligament

    Cruciate ligaments occur in the knee of humans and other bipedal animals and the corresponding stifle of quadrupedal animals, and in the neck, fingers, and foot. The cruciate ligaments of the knee are the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). These ligaments are two strong, rounded bands that extend from ...

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