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Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set. Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such.
Pauling first proposed [3] the concept of electronegativity in 1932 to explain why the covalent bond between two different atoms (A–B) is stronger than the average of the A–A and the B–B bonds. According to valence bond theory , of which Pauling was a notable proponent, this "additional stabilization" of the heteronuclear bond is due to ...
A period 2 element is one of the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements.The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behavior of the elements as their atomic number increases; a new row is started when chemical behavior begins to repeat, creating columns of elements with similar properties.
Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by atomic number (Z).. Since valence electrons are not clearly defined for the d-block and f-block elements, there not being a clear point at which further ionisation becomes unprofitable, a purely formal definition as number of electrons in the outermost shell has been used.
It also has a high electron affinity, second only to chlorine, [17] and tends to capture an electron to become isoelectronic with the noble gas neon; [3] it has the highest electronegativity of any reactive element. [18] Fluorine atoms have a small covalent radius of around 60 picometers, similar to those of its period neighbors oxygen and neon.
The atomic radius is half of the distance between two nuclei of two atoms. The atomic radius is the distance from the atomic nucleus to the outermost electron orbital in an atom . In general, the atomic radius decreases as we move from left-to-right in a period , and it increases when we go down a group .
Periodic variation of Pauling electronegativities as one descends the main groups of the periodic table from the second to the sixth period. Electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself. [101]