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In accounting, contingent liabilities are liabilities that may be incurred by an entity depending on the outcome of an uncertain future event [1] such as the outcome of a pending lawsuit. These liabilities are not recorded in a company's accounts and shown in the balance sheet when both probable and reasonably estimable as 'contingency' or ...
IAS 37 establishes the definition of a provision as a "liability of uncertain timing or amount", and requires that all the following conditions be fulfilled before a provision can be recognized: the entity currently has a liability as a result of a past event; an outflow of resources is likely to be needed to settle the liability; and
The recording of the liability in the entity's balance sheet is matched to an appropriate expense account on the entity's income statement. In U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP), a provision is an expense. Thus, "Provision for Income Taxes" is an expense in U.S. GAAP but a liability in IFRS.
A balance sheet is often described as a "snapshot of a company's financial condition". [1] It is the summary of each and every financial statement of an organization. Of the four basic financial statements, the balance sheet is the only statement which applies to a single point in time of a business's calendar year. [2]
Examples of types of liabilities include: money owing on a loan, money owing on a mortgage, or an IOU. Liabilities of sectors of USA economy, 1945-2017, based on flow of funds statistics of the Federal Reserve System. Liabilities are debts and obligations of the business they represent as creditor's claim on business assets.
Long-term liabilities give users more information about the long-term prosperity of the company, [3] [better source needed] while current liabilities inform the user of debt that the company owes in the current period. On a balance sheet, accounts are listed in order of liquidity, so long-term liabilities come after current liabilities.
Contingent claim valuation is also used to value specific balance sheet assets and liabilities which similarly exhibit option like characteristics. [13] Examples are employee stock options , warrants and other convertible securities , and investments with embedded options such as callable bonds or contingent convertible bonds .
In the United States a contingent surplus note, also known as an emergency subordinated bond is a bond-like instrument issued by an insurance company, developed in the 1990s by non-capitalized mutual insurance companies as a means of raising money. [1] Surplus notes are debt-like in that they