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Northumbrian Old English had been established in south-eastern Scotland as far as the River Forth by the 7th century. It remained largely confined to this area until the 13th century, continuing in common use while Scottish Gaelic was the court language until displaced by Norman French in the early 12th century.
This list of Scottish Gaelic surnames shows Scottish Gaelic surnames beside their English language equivalent.. Unlike English surnames (but in the same way as Slavic, Lithuanian and Latvian surnames), all of these have male and female forms depending on the bearer, e.g. all Mac- names become Nic- if the person is female.
The languages of Scotland belong predominantly to the Germanic and Celtic language families. The main language now spoken in Scotland is English, while Scots and Scottish Gaelic are minority languages. The dialect of English spoken in Scotland is referred to as Scottish English.
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig [ˈkaːlɪkʲ] ⓘ), is a Celtic language native to Scotland. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language placenames. [1]
The Enlightenment in Scotland: national and international perspectives (2015) Eddy, Matthew Daniel. The Language of Mineralogy: John Walker, Chemistry and the Edinburgh Medical School, 1750–1800 (2008). Goldie, Mark. "The Scottish Catholic Enlightenment," The Journal of British Studies Vol. 30, No. 1 (Jan. 1991), pp. 20–62 in JSTOR; Graham ...
Scottish politics in the late 18th century was dominated by the Whigs, with the benign management of Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll (1682–1761), who was in effect the "viceroy of Scotland" from the 1720s until his death in 1761. Scotland generally supported the king with enthusiasm during the American Revolution.
Lowland Scots is still a popular spoken language with over 1.5 million Scots speakers in Scotland. [115] Scots is used by about 30,000 Ulster Scots [116] and is known in official circles as Ullans. In 1993, Ulster Scots was recognised, along with Scots, as a variety of the Scots language by the European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages. [117]
1 January – Robert Owen becomes manager of the New Lanark spinning mills. [2]15 February – "Meal mob" riot over bread prices in Glasgow. [3]30 June – Glasgow Police Act authorises creation of the City of Glasgow Police, which first musters on 15 November.