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Ancient Greek had three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), so when an object or a concept was personified as a deity, it inherited the gender of the relevant noun; helios is a masculine noun, so the god embodying it is also by necessity male. [8] The female offspring of Helios were called Heliades, the male Heliadae.
In one incident, Odysseus' companion lost their nostos by eating the cattle of Helios and were killed, because they were specifically told not to. [4] Odysseus warned the men when he said "Friends, since there is food and drink stored in the fast ship, let us then keep our hands off the cattle, for fear that something may befall us.
Helios, who in Greek mythology is the god of the Sun, is said to have had seven herds of oxen and seven flocks of sheep, each numbering fifty head. [3] In the Odyssey, Homer describes these immortal cattle as handsome (ἄριστος), wide-browed (εὐρυμέτωπος), fat, and straight-horned (ὀρθόκραιρος). [4]
"Hyperion" means "he that walks on high" or simply "the god above", often joined with "Helios". [5] There is a possible attestation of his name in Linear B (Mycenaean Greek) in the lacunose form ]pe-rjo-[(Linear B: ] 𐀟𐁊-[), found on the KN E 842 tablet (reconstructed [u]-pe-rjo-[ne]) [6] [7] though it has been suggested that the name actually reads "Apollo" ([a]-pe-rjo-[ne]).
Perse was one of the wives of the sun god, Helios. [6] [7] According to Homer and Hesiod, with Helios she had Circe and Aeëtes, [8] with later authors also mentioning their children Pasiphaë, [9] Perses, [10] Aloeus, [11] and even Calypso, [11] who is however more commonly the daughter of Atlas.
God of the Sun, and in some translations called Hyperion, Helios' cattle are impiously killed and eaten by Odysseus' crew. The guardians of the island, Helios' daughters, tell their father about this. Helios appeals to Zeus telling him to dispose of Odysseus' men or he will go down to the Underworld and shine among the dead.
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According to one version recorded by Hyginus, there were seven Heliades: Merope, Helie, Aegle, Lampetia, Phoebe, Aetherie and Dioxippe. [2] Aeschylus's fragmentary Heliades [3] names Phaethousa and Lampetia, who are otherwise called daughters of Neaera. [4]