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Photo 51 is an X-ray based fiber diffraction image of a paracrystalline gel composed of DNA fiber [1] taken by Raymond Gosling, [2] [3] a postgraduate student working under the supervision of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College London, while working in Sir John Randall's group.
X-ray scattering; Keto-enol tautomerism#DNA, the final key insight, from a Pauling collaborator, that the textbooks of the time were wrong, that led to the solved structure; Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, the first demonstration that DNA was likely to be the genetic material; Chargaff's rules, which showed that A:T and G:C occurred in equal ...
Other forms of elastic X-ray scattering besides single-crystal diffraction include powder diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering and several types of X-ray fiber diffraction, which was used by Rosalind Franklin in determining the double-helix structure of DNA. In general, single-crystal X-ray diffraction offers more structural information ...
The double-helix model of DNA structure was first published in the journal Nature by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, [6] (X,Y,Z coordinates in 1954 [7]) based on the work of Rosalind Franklin and her student Raymond Gosling, who took the crucial X-ray diffraction image of DNA labeled as "Photo 51", [8] [9] and Maurice Wilkins, Alexander Stokes, and Herbert Wilson, [10] and base-pairing ...
X-ray crystallography is still the primary method for characterizing the atomic structure of materials and in differentiating materials that appear similar in other experiments. X-ray crystal structures can also help explain unusual electronic or elastic properties of a material, shed light on chemical interactions and processes, or serve as ...
Multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (sometimes Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion; abbreviated MAD) is a technique used in X-ray crystallography that facilitates the determination of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules (e.g. DNA, drug receptors) via solution of the phase problem.
Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) is a technique used in X-ray crystallography that facilitates the determination of the structure of proteins or other biological macromolecules by allowing the solution of the phase problem.
The temporal order of replication of all the segments in the genome, called its replication-timing program, can now be easily measured in two different ways. [1] One way simply measures the amount of the different DNA sequences along the length of the chromosome per cell.