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Poisoning is the harmful effect which occurs when toxic substances are introduced into the body. [1] The term "poisoning" is a derivative of poison, a term describing any chemical substance that may harm or kill a living organism upon ingestion. [2] Poisoning can be brought on by swallowing, inhaling, injecting or absorbing toxins through the skin.
Activated charcoal, also known as activated carbon, is a medication used to treat poisonings that occurred by mouth. [1] To be effective it must be used within a short time of the poisoning occurring, typically an hour.
The airways and lungs receive continuous first-pass exposure to non-toxic and irritant or toxic gases via inhalation. Irritant gases are those that, on inhalation, dissolve in the water of the respiratory tract mucosa and provoke an inflammatory response, usually from the release of acidic or alkaline radicals.
Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is a part of most protocols for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) [6] [7] making it an essential skill for first aid. In some situations, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is also performed separately, for instance in near- drowning and opiate overdoses.
Treatment involves supportive care and giving the person 100% oxygen. [2] [3] Hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12 a) appears to be useful as an antidote and is generally first-line. [2] [6] Sodium thiosulphate may also be given. [2] Historically, cyanide has been used for mass suicide and it was used for genocide by the Nazis. [3] [10]
Sudden sniffing death syndrome, first described by Millard Bass in 1970, [35] is commonly known as SSDS. Solvents have many potential risks in common, including pneumonia, cardiac failure or arrest, [5] and aspiration of vomit. The inhaling of some solvents can cause hearing loss, limb spasms, and damage to the central nervous system and brain. [5]
In 2014, the American Association of Poison Control Centers reported about 6,000 exposures to chlorine gas in the US in 2013, compared with 13,600 exposures to carbon monoxide, which was the most common poison gas exposure; [7] the year before they reported about 5,500 cases of chlorine gas poisoning compared with around 14,300 cases of carbon ...
The protocol was originally developed as a memory aid for rescuers performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the most widely known use of the initialism is in the care of the unconscious or unresponsive patient, although it is also used as a reminder of the priorities for assessment and treatment of patients in many acute medical and trauma ...
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