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Peripheral artery disease most commonly affects the legs, but other arteries may also be involved, such as those of the arms, neck, or kidneys. [4] [17] Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a form of peripheral vascular disease. Vascular refers to the arteries and veins within the body. PAD differs from peripheral veinous disease. PAD means the ...
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
Peripheral artery disease – occurs when atheromatous plaques build up in the arteries that supply blood to the arms and legs, causing the arteries to narrow or become blocked. [ 1 ] Erythromelalgia - a rare peripheral vascular disease with symptoms that include burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling that generally affect ...
The most commonly affected vessels in peripheral vascular disease are the arteries supplying the legs, so when less blood gets to the muscle tissue in the legs, that tissue sees less oxygen and becomes ischemic. Ischemic cells release adenosine, a type of signaling molecule, which is thought to affect nerves in these areas, which is felt as pain.
A peripheral vascular examination is a medical examination to discover signs of pathology in the peripheral vascular system. It is performed as part of a physical examination , or when a patient presents with leg pain suggestive of a cardiovascular pathology, typically peripheral artery disease .
If an identifiable disease does not cause this, it is called a primary vascular dysregulation (PVD); in case of an underlying disease, it is called secondary PVD. PVD is almost always associated with other vascular and non-vascular symptoms and signs. [19] This entire complex (PVD and accompanying symptoms) is today called Flammer syndrome. [20]
Diminished or absent pulses, vascular bruits, hypertension, Takayasu retinopathy, and aortic regurgitation. [9] Giant cell arteritis: Headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, and blindness. [10] Primary medium vessel vasculitis [8] Polyarteritis nodosa: Mononeuritis multiplex, nodules, purpura, livedo, and hypertension. [11] Kawasaki disease
The prognosis for patients with peripheral vascular disease due to atherosclerosis is poor; patients with intermittent claudication due to atherosclerosis are at increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease (e.g. heart attack), because the same disease that affects the legs is often present in the arteries of the heart. [8]
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