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Main configurations of waste stabilization pond systems. Waste stabilization ponds consist of man-made basins comprising a single or several series of anaerobic, facultative or maturation ponds. [11] The presence or absence of oxygen varies with the three different types of ponds, used in sequence. Anaerobic waste stabilization ponds have very ...
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The activated sludge process, sand filters, waste stabilization ponds, constructed wetlands and other processes can all be used to reduce nitrogen. [ 25 ] : 17–18 Since denitrification is the reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen (molecular nitrogen) gas, an electron donor is needed.
Facultative lagoon (polishing pond) providing tertiary treatment after a constructed wetland in Hamburg-Allermöhe, Germany. Overflow from the facultative lagoon may be routed through one or more polishing ponds supporting lower populations of anaerobic micro-organisms and a higher proportion of aerobic organisms adapted to survival in lower concentrations of organic material.
The treatment of waste water issuing from raceway farms is a major concern. Fish fecal matter and uneaten feed are typically the major elements of solid waste produced in raceway aquaculture farms. These can adversely impact the environment in the receiving water body. [19] [21] Of particular environmental concern is the waste product phosphorus.
The ponds or basins may range in depth from 1.5 to 5.0 meters. [ 6 ] In a surface-aerated system, the aerators provide two functions: they transfer air into the basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide the mixing required for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and ...
A treatment pond is intended to provide wastewater treatment to achieve a certain effluent quality. Ponds are depressions holding water confined by earthen structures. Kinds of treatment pond include: Aerated lagoons rely upon mechanical aerators providing oxygen to reduce the organic content measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).