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Below there are lists the nearest stars separated by spectral type. The scope of the list is still restricted to the main sequence spectral types: M, K, F, G, A, B and O. It may be later expanded to other types, such as S, D or C. The Alpha Centauri star system is the closest star system to the Sun.
A stellar association is a very loose star cluster, looser than an open cluster. A moving group is the remnant of such a stellar association. [1] Members of stellar associations and moving groups share similar kinematic properties, as well as similar ages and chemical composition. The list (below) is sorted by the distance to the Solar System.
The closest system is Alpha Centauri, with Proxima Centauri as the closest star in that system, at 4.2465 light-years from Earth. The brightest, most massive and most luminous object among those 131 is Sirius A , which is also the brightest star in Earth's night sky ; its white dwarf companion Sirius B is the hottest object among them.
The BCG of this cluster was also the most distant galaxy of the time. [51] [53] Gemini Cluster 1932 − 1936 0.075 23 000 The BCG of this cluster was the most distant galaxy at the time. [53] [54] WH Christie's Leo Cluster 1931–1932 19 700 The BCG of this cluster was the most distant galaxy known at the time. [51] [54] [55] [56] [57]
The term "The Local Group" was introduced by Edwin Hubble in Chapter VI of his 1936 book The Realm of the Nebulae. [11] There, he described it as "a typical small group of nebulae which is isolated in the general field" and delineated, by decreasing luminosity, its members to be M31, Milky Way, M33, Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud, M32, NGC 205, NGC 6822, NGC 185, IC 1613 and ...
Clusters are also a crucial step in determining the distance scale of the universe. A few of the nearest clusters are close enough for their distances to be measured using parallax. A Hertzsprung–Russell diagram can be plotted for these clusters which has absolute values known on the luminosity axis.
Closest star to the Sun with exactly six [29] exoplanets, and closest K-type main sequence star to the Sun with a multiplanetary system. One of the oldest stars with a multiplanetary system, although it is still more metal-rich than the Sun. None of the known planets is in the habitable zone. [30] 61 Virginis: Virgo: 13 h 18 m 24.31 s: −18 ...
NGC 6397 (also known as Caldwell 86) is a globular cluster in the constellation Ara that was discovered by French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in 1752. [9] It is located about 7,800 light-years from Earth, [3] making it one of the two nearest globular clusters to Earth (the other one being Messier 4).