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The three Royal Houses of Wales' regions were first divided by Rhodri the Great in the 9th century. Of his children, two of King's sons began royal dynasties. Anarawd reigned in Gwynedd , and Cadell founded Deheubarth , then another son Merfyn reigned in Powys (Mathrafal emerged as a cadet branch of Dinefwr in the 11th century). [136] [149]
This is the family tree of the kings of the respective Welsh medieval kingdoms of Gwynedd, Deheubarth and Powys, and some of their more prominent relatives and heirs as the direct male line descendants of Cunedda Wledig of Gwynedd (401 – 1283), and Gwrtheyrn of Powys (c. 5th century – 1160), then also the separate Welsh kingdoms and petty kingdoms, and then eventually Powys Fadog until the ...
Latin versions of "King of Wales" (Welsh: Brenin Cymru) were titles used on a handful of occasions in the Middle Ages.They were very seldom claimed or applied by contemporaries, because Wales, much like Ireland, usually had neither the political unity nor the sovereignty of other contemporary European kingdoms such as England and Scotland.
Wales became, effectively, part of England, even though its people spoke a different language and had a different culture. English kings appointed a Council of Wales, sometimes presided over by the heir to the throne. This Council normally sat in Ludlow, now in England but at that time still part of the disputed border area in the Welsh Marches ...
Wales in the early Middle Ages was a society with a landed warrior aristocracy, [45] and after c. 500 Welsh politics were dominated by kings with territorial kingdoms. [46] The legitimacy of the kingship was of paramount importance, [ 47 ] the legitimate attainment of power was by dynastic inheritance or military proficiency. [ 48 ]
The kingdom of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn—the King of Wales from 1055 to 1063—was shattered by a Saxon invasion in 1063 just prior to the Norman invasion of Wales, but the House of Aberffraw restored by Gruffudd ap Cynan slowly recovered and Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd was able to proclaim the Principality of Wales at the Aberdyfi gathering of ...
King Æthelstan of England asserts authority over the Welsh kings, and fixes the border between England and Wales at the River Wye; [65] this may have been the first time a border dispute (involving the Welsh in the Witangemot) was settled by discussion, rather than by war [64]
Rhodri ap Merfyn, commonly known as Rhodri Mawr (Welsh for 'Rhodri the Great'), was a Welsh king whose legacy has impacted the history of Wales. Rhodri rose to power during a tumultuous era, where the fate of Welsh kingdoms was often determined by the power of their leaders.