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Vasodilation, also known as vasorelaxation, is the widening of blood vessels. [1] It results from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins , large arteries , and smaller arterioles . [ 2 ]
Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are also used antagonistically as methods of thermoregulation. [23] The size of blood vessels is different for each of them. It ranges from a diameter of about 30–25 millimeters for the aorta [24] to only about 5 micrometers (0,005 mm) for the capillaries. [25]
Excessive vasoconstriction leads to high blood pressure, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to low blood pressure. Vascular smooth muscle cells also play important roles during development, e.g. driving osteocyte differentiation from undifferentiated precursors during osteogenesis. [1]
The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood vessel.Myogenic response refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte itself instead of an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation.
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Like other β adrenergic agonists, they cause smooth muscle relaxation. β 2 adrenergic agonists' effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages, vasodilation in muscle and liver, relaxation of uterine muscle, and release of insulin. They are primarily used to treat asthma and other pulmonary disorders.
Vascular resistance is the resistance that must be overcome for blood to flow through the circulatory system.The resistance offered by the systemic circulation is known as the systemic vascular resistance or may sometimes be called by another term total peripheral resistance, while the resistance caused by the pulmonary circulation is known as the pulmonary vascular resistance.
Diagram of the circulatory system. SVC/IVC - Superior/Inferior vena cava, The heart is the driver of the circulatory system, pumping blood through rhythmic contraction and relaxation. The rate of blood flow out of the heart (often expressed in L/min) is known as the cardiac output (CO).