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From 1816, penal transportation to Australia increased rapidly and the number of free settlers grew steadily. Van Diemen's Land became a separate colony in 1825, and free settlements were established at the Swan River Colony in Western Australia (1829), the Province of South Australia (1836), and in the Port Philip District (1836).
The small settlement of Perth, founded in 1829 on the Swan River in Western Australia by free settlers, failed to prosper and asked for convicts. In contrast, South Australia , with its capital Adelaide founded in 1836, and Victoria , with its capital Melbourne founded in 1839, were settled only by free settlers.
Western Australia – established as the Swan River Colony in 1829 – initially was intended solely for free settlers, but commenced receiving convicts in 1850. South Australia and Victoria , established in 1836 and 1850 respectively, officially remained free colonies.
16 January – Bellona arrives with Australia's first free settlers. 22 January – The French d'Entrecasteaux expedition returns to Recherche Bay, Tasmania, to rewater and rest. 12 February – John Macarthur is granted 100 acres (0.40 km 2) of land at Parramatta. 16 February – John Macarthur is appointed by Grose as inspector of public works.
Following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 the transportation of convicts increased rapidly and the number of free settlers grew steadily. [79] From 1821 to 1840, 55,000 convicts arrived in New South Wales and 60,000 in Van Diemen's Land. However, by 1830, free settlers and the locally born exceeded the convict population of New South ...
It was established as a short-lived convict settlement in 1803 by Lieutenant-Colonel David Collins, [1] who named the bay after the Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, John Sullivan. The site was chosen because of its strategic location near the entrance of Port Phillip Bay.
An emancipist was a convict sentenced and transported under the convict system to Australia, who had been given a conditional or absolute pardon. The term was also used to refer to those convicts whose sentences had expired, and might sometimes be used of free settlers who supported full civil rights for emancipated convicts. [1]
With a similar number of free settler arrivals during the convict period, the state's population swelled nearly fivefold in less than 20 years. The discovery of gold in the Kalgoorlie area of Western Australia in the 1880s led to further significant population growth during that period. For these reasons, the first series was separated by the ...