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Fluorescein is a dye which is taken up by damaged cornea such that the area appears green under cobalt blue light. [3] There is also a version that comes premixed with lidocaine. [4] [8] Fluorescein was first made in 1871. [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [10]
The fluorescein is administered intravenously in intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) and orally in oral fluorescein angiography (OFA). The test is a dye tracing method. The fluorescein dye also reappears in the patient urine, causing the urine to appear darker, and sometimes orange. [2] It can also cause discolouration of the saliva.
In pure aqueous tear deficiency dry eye patients, fluorescein stains in the interpalpebral exposure zone. In mechanical dry eye patients, fluorescein staining can be seen by pulling down the lower lid spread to the non-exposure zone. A tear-clearance test can also detect irregularities in the tear film. [6]
Fluorescein is a fluorophore commonly used in microscopy, in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology to detect latent blood stains, and in dye tracing. Fluorescein has an absorption maximum at 494 nm and emission maximum of 512 nm (in water).
Fluorescein 2% [2] is instilled into the lower fornix of patient's eye. Alternatively, impregnated fluorescein strip moistened with preservative (benzalkonium chloride) free saline solution can also be used. [6] The eye is examined under a slit lamp with a low magnification and a broad beam covering the whole cornea. The lamp is switched to a ...
Corneal abrasion is a scratch to the surface of the cornea of the eye. [3] Symptoms include pain, redness, light sensitivity, and a feeling like a foreign body is in the eye. [1] Most people recover completely within three days. [1] Most cases are due to minor trauma to the eye such as that which can occur with contact lens use or from ...
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an acquired inflammatory uveitis that belongs to the heterogenous group of white dot syndromes in which light-coloured (yellowish-white) lesions begin to form in the macular area of the retina.
Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain. Rose bengal belongs to the class of organic compounds called xanthenes. [1] Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye.