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Strange matter: A type of quark matter that may exist inside some neutron stars close to the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit (approximately 2–3 solar masses). May be stable at lower energy states once formed. Quark matter: Hypothetical phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons Color-glass condensate
In regular cold matter, quarks, fundamental particles of nuclear matter, are confined by the strong force into hadrons that consist of 2–4 quarks, such as protons and neutrons. Quark matter or quantum chromodynamical (QCD) matter is a group of phases where the strong force is overcome and quarks are deconfined and free to move.
The basic idea that matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles is an old idea that appeared in many ancient cultures. The word atom is derived from the ancient Greek word atomos, [a] which means "uncuttable".
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. [1] The Standard Model presently recognizes seventeen distinct particles—twelve fermions and five bosons .
Energy per unit temperature change J/K L 2 M T −2 Θ −1: extensive Heat flux density: ϕ Q: Heat flow per unit time per unit surface area W/m 2: M T −3: Illuminance: E v: Wavelength-weighted luminous flux per unit surface area lux (lx = cd⋅sr/m 2) L −2 J: Impedance: Z: Resistance to an alternating current of a given frequency ...
The field equations of condensed matter physics are remarkably similar to those of high energy particle physics. As a result, much of the theory of particle physics applies to condensed matter physics as well; in particular, there are a selection of field excitations, called quasi-particles, that can be created and explored. These include:
A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material. These quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be compared, thereby aiding in materials selection.
A quark (/ k w ɔːr k, k w ɑːr k /) is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. [1] All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons.