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Birmingham, Alabama was, in 1963, "probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States", according to King. [8] Although the city's population of almost 350,000 was 60% white and 40% black, [9] Birmingham had no black police officers, firefighters, sales clerks in department stores, bus drivers, bank tellers, or store cashiers.
The Birmingham riot of 1963 was a civil disorder and riot in Birmingham, Alabama, that was provoked by bombings on the night of May 11, 1963. The bombings targeted African-American leaders of the Birmingham campaign .
The Children's Crusade, or Children's March, was a march by over 1,000 school students in Birmingham, Alabama on May 2–10, 1963. Initiated and organized by Rev. James Bevel, the purpose of the march was to walk downtown to talk to the mayor about segregation in their city.
Months before four little girls were killed in a Birmingham, Ala., church bombing that helped turn the tide of the civil rights movement in 1963, their friends and classmates bravely took to the ...
Read CNN’s 1963 Birmingham Church Bombing Fast Facts and learn more about the attack on an Alabama church that killed four African-American girls.
The demonstrations in Birmingham brought city leaders to agree to an end of public segregation and helped to ensure the writing and then the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The park was named in 1932 for local firefighter Osmond Kelly Ingram , who was the first sailor in the United States Navy to be killed in World War I .
Sewell hosted a virtual discussion featuring Lisa McNair, whose sister was one of the four girls killed in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.
April 12 – Martin Luther King Jr., Ralph Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth and others are arrested in a Birmingham protest for "parading without a permit". April 16 – Martin Luther King Jr. issues his Letter from Birmingham Jail. April 20 – Martin Luther King Jr. posts bail and begins to plan more demonstrations (the Children's Crusade).