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This increase of temperature with altitude is characteristic of the stratosphere; its resistance to vertical mixing means that it is stratified. Within the stratosphere temperatures increase with altitude (see temperature inversion); the top of the stratosphere has a temperature of about 270 K (−3°C or 26.6°F). [9] [page needed]
A final warming occurs on this transition, so that the polar vortex winds change direction for the warming and do not change back until the following winter. This is because the stratosphere has entered the summer easterly phase. It is final because another warming cannot occur over the summer, so it is the final warming of the current winter.
The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is a static atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity of the Earth's atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes or elevations. It has been established to provide a common reference for temperature and pressure and consists of tables of values at various altitudes ...
Experts on the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and at institutions around the world have long warned the long-term global average temperature increase should be kept below ...
The stratosphere defines a layer in which temperatures rise with increasing altitude. This rise in temperature is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the Sun by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing. Although the temperature may be −60 °C (−76 °F; 210 K) at the tropopause, the top of the ...
For example, changes in SST monitored via satellite have been used to document the progression of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation since the 1970s. [12] Over land the retrieval of temperature from radiances is harder, because of inhomogeneities in the surface. [13] Studies have been conducted on the urban heat island effect via satellite ...
Black carbon in the atmosphere is like dressing Earth in a black shirt on a sunny day.
According to James Kasting, planets whose atmospheres do not absorb shortwave sunlight, such as Venus and Mars, do not have a Stratosphere and thus have no Stratopause. [2] On Earth, the stratopause is 47–51 km (29–32 mi) above sea level. The atmospheric pressure is around 1 ⁄ 1000 of the pressure at sea level. The temperature in the ...