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The so-called Ur III Sumerian King List (USKL), on a clay tablet possibly found in Adab, is the only known version of the SKL that predates the Old Babylonian period. The colophon of this text mentions that it was copied during the reign of Shulgi (2084–2037 BC), the second king of the Ur III dynasty.
Unlike his successors, Meshkiangasher is not found in any poem or hymn besides the King list. His reign has long been suspected to be a fabrication during the Ur III period [3] due to the Sumerian-Akkadian hybrid structure of his name, the element MES, which occurs in historical royal names of Ur, and the tradition about his disappearance. [4]
Sumerian religion was the religion practiced by the people of Sumer, the first literate civilization found in recorded history and based in ancient Mesopotamia, and what is modern day Iraq. The Sumerians widely regarded their divinities as responsible for all matters pertaining to the natural and social orders of their society. [3]: 3–4
Ancient Sumerian statuette of two gala priests, dating to c. 2450 BC, found in the temple of Inanna at Mari. The Gala (Sumerian: ππͺ, romanized: gala, Akkadian: kalû) were priests of the Sumerian goddess Inanna. They made up a significant number of the personnel of both temples and palaces, the central institutions of Mesopotamian city ...
A Sumerian relief of Ur-Nanshe, king of Lagash circa 2500 BCE. This dynasty is dated to the 26th century BC, about the same time as Elam is also mentioned clearly. [22] According to the Sumerian king list, Elam, Sumer's neighbor to the east, held the kingship in Sumer for a brief period, based in the city of Awan.
The God "Lugal-kalam" (πππ¦, "Lord of the Land") to whom the dedication is made, is otherwise known in a dedication by a local ruler Šaba (Šalim) of Mari, also as Lugal-kalam, or in the dedication of Ishtup-Ilum where he is named "Lugal-mΔtim" (πππ€π΄, "Lord of the Land"), and is considered identical with the local deity ...
Walter Bruno Henning speculated that Orodes IV was the son of Bel-Dusa, high priest or grand vizier, and was installed as king by his father after the death of Abar-Basi. [114] Khwasak: 3rd century (fl. 215) Ruler of Susa shown in a relief from the city as receiving royal (?) power from the Parthian king Artabanus IV [111] Orodes V: 3rd century ...
In many historical societies, the position of kingship carried a sacral meaning and was identical with that of a high priest and judge. Divine kingship is related to the concept of theocracy , although a sacred king need not necessarily rule through his religious authority; rather, the temporal position itself has a religious significance ...